New York RAISE Act
The New York RAISE Act is an enacted state law governing transparency and safety reporting for frontier artificial-intelligence models. Its current text is General Business Law Article 44-B, as replaced by Chapter 96 of 2026, and takes effect on January 1, 2027. A frontier model must exceed 10^26 training operations; a `large frontier developer` must also exceed $500 million in annual gross revenue with affiliates.
Origin and context
A6453 and S6953 were introduced in March 2025, passed the Legislature on June 12, and were signed as Chapter 699 on December 19, 2025. Negotiated chapter amendments followed. S8828/A9449 became Chapter 96 on March 27, 2026 and repealed and replaced the original Article 44-B before it took effect. The operative regime therefore differs materially from the bill text and signing-era summaries that described a compute-cost test, annual audits, larger penalties, and a deployment restriction.
Why it matters
The statute creates tiered state oversight. Covered frontier developers must publish model transparency reports and report critical safety incidents. Large frontier developers must additionally create, follow, review, and publish a frontier AI framework; provide periodic internal catastrophic-risk assessment summaries; and make disclosures to the designated Department of Financial Services office. The Attorney General can seek civil penalties for specified violations, while the statute creates no private right of action. Scope, exemptions, permitted redactions, federal-reporting equivalence, and future rules can change the result in a particular case.
Example
A compliance team should not classify a model from the developer's revenue or product label alone. It would first test the model's covered training compute, the actor's role, New York nexus, statutory exceptions, and then the duty that applies. A critical safety incident generally has a 72-hour reporting clock after sufficient facts support a reasonable belief; an imminent risk of death or serious injury has a separate 24-hour disclosure rule. Those triggers and recipients are not interchangeable.
How it differs
California SB 53 / TFAIA
California SB 53 and the New York RAISE Act share compute-threshold, framework, and incident-reporting ideas, but they are separate statutes with different jurisdictions, definitions, agencies, reporting clocks, disclosures, remedies, and implementation paths. Compliance with one should never be represented as compliance with the other.
AI incident reporting
Critical-safety-incident reporting is one governance mechanism inside Article 44-B. The RAISE Act also covers model disclosures, frontier AI frameworks, internal risk summaries, developer filings, whistleblower-related provisions, enforcement, exceptions, and rulemaking, so the two terms should not be merged.
Third-party AI evaluations
The current RAISE Act requires a large developer's framework to describe its use of third parties, but it does not require the annual independent audit found in the original 2025 text. S10373/A11636 proposes annual third-party verification; its committee status must not be presented as enacted law.
Maturity and evidence
Maturity is rated 5 because the term names an enacted, codified law with a fixed statutory structure and official legislative history. That score reflects the stability of the legal referent, not proof that the law is already effective, that implementing rules are complete, or that courts and regulators have settled every interpretation.
Limits and open questions
This entry is a dated educational summary, not legal advice or an operational compliance checklist. Article 44-B does not take effect until January 1, 2027, and the Department of Financial Services has broad rulemaking authority. Applicability can depend on technical compute accounting, corporate revenue and affiliates, actor role, deployment or operation in New York, exemptions, incident facts, and later legal developments. S10373's proposed audit regime was still pending on September 7, 2026. Readers should verify the current consolidated statute, regulations, agency guidance, litigation, and qualified counsel before acting.
Related terms
References
- New York General Business Law Article 44-B — RAISE ActNew York State Senate · 2026-04-03 · class A
- Assembly Bill A6453B — original RAISE Act and legislative actionsNew York State Senate · 2025-03-05 · class A
- Senate Bill S8828 — Chapter 96 amendments to the RAISE ActNew York State Senate · 2026-03-27 · class A
- Senate Bill S10373 — proposed third-party verification amendmentsNew York State Senate · 2026-05-15 · class A
- New York's Frontier AI Law Gets a California Makeover, With Some Key DifferencesCooley LLP · 2026-03-31 · class B
- New York Amends the RAISE Act to Align More Closely with California's Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence ActMorrison Foerster · 2026-04-03 · class B
Last updated: 2026-09-07